All of the black and white images shown are traditional silver-based photographs.  The photographs were taken with an 8"x10" camera using lenses that range from an extreme wide angle of 90mm to a moderate telephoto of 610mm.  Only Kodak Tri-X film and Kodak HC110 film developer were used.  The method of development is tube processing with a variety of dilutions that range from 1:7.5 from stock to 1:60 from stock.  The agitation also varies, from continuous to only 30 seconds out of every 4 minutes of development time.  These changes in dilutions and agitation times allow a broad range of contrast levels to be manipulated into a more desirable and manageable range.  The film is given an acid stop bath and fixed in Kodak Rapid Fix with hardener.

The prints are either direct contact prints or projection enlargements up to 20"x24" inches.    The 8"x10" horizontal enlarger is equipped with a cold light head. The paper is a standard graded, silver-based, cold tone paper.  The prints are all hand processed in Ilford Bromophen paper developer, a standard acid stop bath, and a double bath of Kodak Rapid F

ix without the hardener.  The prints are toned briefly in a weak dilution of selenium toner, then placed in a solution of hypo clearing agent, and finally washed in an archival print washer until completely clean.

The prints are then trimmed to the desired crop and dry mounted using archival Seal Buffer Mount in a standard dry mount press.  The mount board used is a pure white, acid-free, archival, 100% rag board.  The size of the board used is usually 14"x17" for all contact prints, 24"x30" for 16"x20" prints, and 32"x40" for 20"x24" prints.